Othello, By William Shakespeare - 998 Words

In this life that we live, different individuals go about their business oblivious of their individual struggles that confront them. According to www.dictionary.com, a struggle is defined as, â€Å"a forceful/violent attempt or effort to get free from restraint or contrition†. Some of these struggles are more pronounced than others. From Othello, the tragedy by William Shakespeare, we can see how humans are faced with individual contentions, and their daily actions are in fact, efforts of trying to free themselves. In the discussion below, we not only consider Othello’s struggles of being different, gullible, timid, inferior, proud and selfish but also, Iago’s conniving personality, hatred, greed, manipulation, selfishness and slander. Talking about human contrition, Othello is without doubt, as presented, is a man with great successes. He is introduced as a general with an outstanding reputation and from a royal family, â€Å"From men of royal siege, and my demerits†, (1.11.21). Notwithstanding such a standing, he struggles with the fact that he is a black moor among the Venetian whites. This aspect of difference makes him to positively stand out, but also as an easy target. Roderigo in his discussion with Iago calls him, â€Å"thick-lips,† (1.168). Incidentally, either by virtue of his origin or his upbringing Othello comes as one who is easily gullible. When he saw Cassio leave the company of Desdemona, other than calling him back to confirm whether it was indeed him, he dismissesShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As l ittle as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to take extreme measures by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change to ward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that which occurred in Othello written by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downward spiral from loveRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of som eones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the wordsRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them to misinterpret what they see. Othello is prone to Iago s ploys seeing that he himselfRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 Pageswas Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the tragedy of Othello, a Morris Captain. What is different about Shakespeare play is that the tragic hero is the black Othello and the villain a white Iago. Therefore, Shakespeare depiction of Othello as a tragic character and Iago as a villain, challenges Elizabethan’s stereotypes regarding individuals of African descent. Shakespeare challenges the stereotypical â€Å"type –casting of the black man† in Elizabethan society by depicting Othello asRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprofitable in condition of good and immorality. Othello is presented as good and Iago as evil, but Iago and Othello’s relationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their trueRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1140 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Othello† is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1603. In this play, Shakespeare features three major characters: Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othello, a black man, and Desdemona, a white venetian secretly eloped in the play. Iago shows racism and prejudice towards their relationship because of their skin colors. In the play, Iago says: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a

Marketing Mix Elements of Boost Company Essay Example

Essays on Marketing Mix Elements of Boost Company Essay The paper "Marketing Mix Elements of Boost Company" is a brilliant example of an essay on marketing. Boost Company is a company that is the manufacturer of juice drinks and snacks. It started as a single and small retail outlet but expanded its operations and up to now, it’s operating in more than 14 countries. Among the products of the company include fruit-flavored Slushie concentrates, juice watermelon, green apple, and orange squeeze (Boost Company 2012). The aim of this paper is to present the results of the marketing audit I did at Boost Company about its marketing mix. The marketing mix is the combination of 4ps which are the product, place, promotion, and price (Dev Schultz 2005). For any organization, the marketing mix is the basic elements that should be considered when managing the performance of the organization. In the modern business, the degree of competition for the market share is high among the organizations of the same industry and therefore every organizat ion is much concerned on it can gain a competitive advantage. The marketing mix serves as a tool for marketing managers to design the objectives of marketing and how to achieve them. It further aims at finding a solution to customers’ demands, the customer's cost, convenience, and communication of the product between the manufacturer and the customers. Therefore in this report, I will discuss the four marketing mix elements of Boost Company and how it has helped the company to be unique in the market and gain competitive advantage. Further, I will discuss what the company is doing different from the competitors in terms of the marketing mix to improve its performance.The marketing mixThe productAs stated above, Boost Company manufactures and distributes bottled drinks in the Australian market and other countries. The products include orange squeeze, juice watermelon, green apple, and bottled drinks among many others. The product as a marketing mix includes features like the q uality of the products, their features, their design, style, the products’ packaging, the innovation of the product and the labeling of the products (Randall 2001). Boost Company manufactures and distributes quality products to the customers than the competitors and this has enabled the company to maintain its market share. Customers are conscious about the quality of the products they buy and compare the satisfaction they derive from the product and their expectations. In this regard, the boost company has been able to meet the product quality requirements which has attracted and retained many customers thus the company is able to compete effectively for the market share.Boost Company manufactures products of different features to meet the different customers’ needs. For instance, the color of the green apple is different from the color of the juice water Mellon being Mallon. Therefore these different features have met the customer's different demands and likes.

John Donnes Loves Alchemy Essay Example For Students

John Donnes Loves Alchemy Essay In â€Å"Love’s Alchemy,† John Donne sets up an analogy between the Platonists, who try, endlessly, to discover spiritual love, and the alchemists, who in Donne’s time, tried to extract gold from baser metals. This analogy allows Donne to express his beliefs that such spiritual love does not exist and those who are searching for it are only wasting their time. Donne cleverly uses language that both allows the reader to see the connections between the alchemists and the Platonists and that allows for a more sexual interpretation of the piece. The poem opens with two lines that lay the groundwork for the analogy and that have a sexual implication. The word â€Å"digged† and the image of â€Å"love’s mine†, obviously allow for the comparison between the Platonist’s and the alchemists. Donne explains that some have experienced more love than he has, and, in having done so, have penetrated â€Å"deeper† into â€Å"love’s hidden mystery,† that is, they have reached a point beyond sensual love where they have found it’s true â€Å"centric† or essential happiness. This would be analogous to alchemists, who, after many attempts, have been able to extract gold from other metals. Due to the diction that Donne uses and the manner in which he expresses himself in these two lines, it is possible to extract their sexual meaning that serves to ridicule the claims and means of the Platonists as well as the alchemists. The words â€Å"digged love’s mine† can be i nterpreted as the sexual act. And when combined with line 2, we can interpret these two lines as saying that true happiness lies in sexual pleasure. It seems as if Donne is implying that the Platonist’s claims that they are striving to attain spiritual love is all a hoax because all they are truly after is more sexual pleasure. We will write a custom essay on John Donnes Loves Alchemy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Donne’s belief of the Platonist’s and alchemist’s fraudulence and deceit is further expressed in lines 3-6 along with further sexual implications. The explicit sexual â€Å"get† and â€Å"got† convey his experiences with physical love, but he is upset that he has not found that so-called â€Å"spiritual love,† even though he has followed a number of steps in a specific sequence, like an alchemist with a formula would do. He has (1) loved (2) got and (3) told (here meaning kept count). And since nothing that he has done or will do in his search has worked or will ever work, he concludes that everything Platonists claim is falsified. The conceit of Platonists being like alchemists is made more explicit in the second half of the stanza. Donne says that just as no alchemist ever discovered the â€Å"Elixir† so too does the Platonist never find that ideal and pure love that he claims to exist. He further explains that the alchemists and Platonists both glorify things that are and will always remain physical. The alchemist ridiculously lauds over his â€Å"pregnant pot† and the Platonist over the woman’s womb, both being things that will never allow for perfection, purity or anything ideal to appear from within them. Similarly, lover’s who try to find the â€Å"hidden mystery† imagine a full, warm and long ideal relationship, but in reality it turns out to be a â€Å"winter-seeming summer’s night† meaning that it is a cold and short one. And with the sexual implications in these lines, not only can the lover not find this spiritual love; he also cannot find the lasting pleasure in the physical aspect. The second half of the poem begins with the idea that men are just wasting their lives and sacrificing their â€Å"ease†, â€Å"thrift† and â€Å"honor† by chasing after some non-existent pleasure in love (â€Å"vain bubbles shadow†). In the lines that follow, Donne brushes aside the Platonists ideas that only well-educated men can achieve this spiritual love and happiness by saying that his â€Å"man†, a common servant, can feel the same pleasure if he can â€Å"endure the short scorn of bridegroom’s play.† By this he means that both Platonists and common men only find momentary animalistic pleasure by going through a wedding. In line 17 we once again get a sexual implication with the word â€Å"play.† If we re-interpret the whole question, we see that Donne is saying that the man will be rewarded with the happy outcome of amorous play if he goes through marriage. Whether the man or the Platonist marries for wither claimed plea sure, they will both end up disappointed with the results since neither one will lead them to the pleasure that is claimed to exist in love. In lines 18-22, Donne ridicules the Platonists by saying that they are just as false when they swear that the minds are what marry and that women have angelic minds as when they swear that they hear wonderful music in the â€Å"rude hoarse minstrelsy.† And in the last two lines Donne says that no man should hope to find a mind in a woman. If they find anything it would be sweetness and wittiness. But even if they do find these qualities in some women, they are still â€Å"mummy, possessed.† By this, Donne probably means that women, no matter what, are still mindless walking bodies. This line could also mean that once the sweet and witty woman is possessed, as in marriage, she proves to be the opposite. In this poem, John Donne expresses his utter belief that pure spiritual love does not exist. And those who claim to be in search o f it are all fraudulent in their claims because all they really want is physical pleasure. And as is common in his literature, he also manages to include his idea that women are thoughtless, sex objects. .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce , .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce .postImageUrl , .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce , .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce:hover , .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce:visited , .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce:active { border:0!important; } .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce:active , .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u09e1550bf79a83519e203b57298ef3ce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Handel EssayBibliography:

The Poor Relation by Charles Dickens Essay Example

The Poor Relation by Charles Dickens Essay The Poor Relation by Charles Dickens and The Secret Life of Walter Mitty by James Thurber Compare the Treatment of a Fictitious World by Both Authors In both The Poor Relation and The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, the main story revolves around the main characters tendency to live in a fantasy world. In this way the two short stories are very similar. However, the way the two authors, Dickens and Thurber, have treated this main theme is quite different. Firstly, the two stories are not the same. In The Poor Relation, Dickens has told the pitiful and yet undeserving story of a poor relative whos life has mostly been a disaster, though which he has lost everything, including his friends and companions. The story is set in the 19th Century, at a middle-class familys gathering. The poor relation stands up and tells his story. He starts by reminding the family about what they have seen of his life. He then goes on to claim that this is not the truth and that his real life is far different to anything they could have imagined. This is when he explains about this real life in great detail. We will write a custom essay sample on The Poor Relation by Charles Dickens specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Poor Relation by Charles Dickens specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Poor Relation by Charles Dickens specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, Dickens adds a twist in the end. It turns out that the poor relations claim that he leads a secret life is actually false and it is simply his fantasy life; the life he wished he had led. His real life was in fact the one he had described at the beginning, a miserable and unlucky one. The life he wished he had led is the opposite of everything in his real life. The poor relation is a modest, shy, unlucky and dull character that is clearly feeling sorry for himself. In The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, the story is told in the past tense. It is a simple story, about a Mr. and Mrs. Mitty and their everyday life. Walter Mitty, however, has a strange habit of daydreaming. He is capable of turning the most boring of everyday situations and sights into a dramatic, action packed and humorous scene. For example, when he drives past a hospital, he imagines he is in charge of a complicated surgical operation in an operating theatre and when he sees a newspaper boy talking about a recent trial, he imagines he is the judge in a courtroom trial. He dreams these fantasy delusions to escape the dull life he leads with his bossy and slightly mad wife. Walter Mitty himself is a shy, laid back person. The story is set in the 1940s in America. The techniques used in these stories by the two authors are also different. In The Poor Relation, Dickens delves into the ficticious world once, although for a long passage, and we do not know until the end that this is fictitious. He uses suspense in the first half of the story as the poor relation tells his family that he is not what they think he is and is to tell the truth after he has explained what he describes as What I am supposed to be. This explanation of the real world and the fictitious world can easily be compared. For example, when he talks about his real life, he talks about his wife leaving him for rich man. In his dream world however, he states that one would expect her to go off with some rich man, but in fact she stayed with him and lived happily ever after. This emphasises his regret that his wife left him in reality. In The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty, the fictitious world is mentioned several times and in short passages. The situation differs every time Walter Mitty dreams. He usually floats into a dream when he sees something that captures his imagination. For example, when he drove past the hospital. In real life, he does ordinary, boring things and is hen-pecked by his wife. He does as he is told, although reluctantly, because he is so far away in his own little world to care. It is clear from the beginning to see the difference between fiction and reality. It is interesting to compare the dull, uneventful real world Walter lives in to the exciting, dramatic and sometimes over-the-top world he dreams about. The language in the two stories reflects the language used at the time of writing. As The Poor Relation was written in and set in the Victorian age of England, Dickens time, it uses a formal, old-English language. As The Secret Life was written in the 1940s, after the Second World War, Thurber uses strange phrases and sayings from wartime/post-war America. Also, with Thurber being a 20th Century author, modern language has a greater effect on the language of the play. Therefore, The Poor Relation comes across as being more serious and formal as a pose to The Secret Life, which is informal and humorous. Also, through the presentation of the two different characters we get a better understanding of how and why they slip into and out of their dream lives. In The Poor Relation, Dickens presents the main character as a stubborn and yet very unlucky, old man who has obviously failed in life. Therefore he searches for something to make his life seem worthwhile, which he finds through describing his ideal course of life. Dickens uses a similar character in The Christmas Carol. In The Christmas Carol, the main character is Scrooge a very stubborn, ungrateful, old man who has obviously failed in life. Towards the end of the story, however, Scrooge wishes he could have led a finer and more honest life. There is a clear link between Scrooge and the Poor Relation. In The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, Thurber describes the main character in much the same way a shy, laid-back and yet still quite irritable husband who finds his life boring and meaningless. He is constantly being hen-pecked and nagged by his wife so much so, that he has gone past the point of caring. Therefore he searches for something fresh to keep him stimulated in life, which is where his fantasy world becomes relevant. Overall, I think that both Dickens and Thurber present their ideas of somebody living in a fictitious world with great effect. They both evoke pity for the main characters. Although more complicated to read and understand, The Poor Relation gets a better response from the reader. The reader feels sorry for the Poor Relation but the blame only lies on the Poor Relation; it was his fault that he had failed in life. The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, however, is simpler and therefore easier to understand and enjoy. The reader feels genuine pity for Walter Mitty but also finds the situation in which he finds himself to be in humorous.

The Tragedy Of Hamlet Essays (914 words) - Characters In Hamlet

The Tragedy of Hamlet Annonymous Disillusionment. Depression. Despair. These are the burning emotions churning in young Hamlet's soul as he attempts to come to terms with his father's death and his mother's incestuous, illicit marriage. While Hamlet tries to pick up the pieces of his shattered idealism, he consciously embarks on a quest to seek the truth hidden in Elsinore; this, in stark contrast to Claudius' fervent attempts to obscure the truth of murder. Deception versus truth; illusion versus reality. In the play, Prince Hamlet is constantly having to differentiate amongst them. However, there is always an exception to the rule, and in this case, the exception lies in Act 2, Scene 2, where an honest conversation (sans the gilded trappings of deceit) takes place between Hamlet and Rosenkrantz and Guildenstern. Via the use of prose and figurative language, Shakespeare utilizes the passage to illustrate Hamlet's view of the cosmos and mankind. Throughout the play, the themes of illusion and mendaciousness have been carefully developed. The entire royal Danish court is ensnared in a web of espionage, betrayal, and lies. Not a single man speaks his mind, nor addresses his purpose clearly. As Polonius puts it so perfectly: And thus do we of wisdom and of reach^? By indirections find directions out Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 71-3 The many falsehoods and deceptions uttered in Hamlet are expressed through eloquent, formal, poetic language (iambic pentameter), tantamount to an art form. If deceit is a painted, ornate subject then, its foil of truth is simple and unvarnished. Accordingly, when the pretenses of illusion are discarded in Act 2, Scene 2, the language is written in direct prose. Addressing Rosenkrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet pleads with them to deliver up honest speech about the intent of their arrival: [offer up] Anything but to th' purpose. Act 2, Scene 2, Line 300 In a gesture of extreme significance, in a quote complementary to Polonius' aforementioned one, Hamlet demands: Be even and direct with me whether you were sent for or no. Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 310-11 Being the bumbling fools they are, Rosenkrantz and Guildenstern disclose their intentions and purposes to Hamlet, revealing the King and Queen's instructions. Thus does truth prevail in this passage. For this reason, the whole passage is devoid of the artful poetic devices that are used in the better portion of the play. The recurring motif of corruption also appears in the passage. Due to the wicked internal proceedings in the state of Denmark (e.g. murder, incest), Shakespeare implies that the whole state is soiled, which in turn has a direct negative consequence in the grand universal scheme of things. Imagery of warped and distasteful plants, in place of the traditional aesthetically correct beautiful flowers in a garden, serves to further reinforce the degeneration theme: 'Tis an unweeded garden that grows to seed. Things rank and gross in nature possess it merely. Act 1, Scene 2 Essentially, all of life, and all that was good and beautiful in life (e.g. the garden) is sullied. Hamlet, the disillusioned idealist, continues with the motif when he disheartenedly declares: the earth, seems to me a sterile promontory^? -Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 321-2 [the air] why, it appeareth nothing to me but a fouled and pestilent congregation of vapors. -Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 325-6 The above lines represent Hamlet's cosmic view on the planet. He finds the world to be empty and lifeless, dirty and diseased, and his particular place in it to be desolate and lonely. Indeed, he feels so isolated and entrapped in his native land that he says: [the world is a prison] A goodly one, in which there are many confines, wards, and dungeons, Denmark being one o' th' worst. -Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 264-6 This view of the world exemplifies the micro/macro concept, where Denmark is the micro manifestation of a prison for our hero. The taint of micro Denmark leads to repercussions that in turn affect the whole universal order, leading to the consequence of the world itself becoming the macro manifestation of a prison in Hamlet's eyes. Further along in the same paragraph, Hamlet offers up his opinion on man, extolling his virtues and excellent qualities (what a piece of work is man^?). Yet, it is tremendously ironic, that the ideal type of man Hamlet is describing is nowhere to be found in the play. Hamlet himself is indecisive, unable to take action, Claudius is a slave to his lusts and passions, Polonius is a simpering, servile old fool, and Rosenkrantz and Guildenstern are mindless ninnies. Quite simply, no true man as Hamlet describes him exists in the play. As a result of this dismal realization,

James West and the Invention of the Microphone

James West and the Invention of the Microphone James Edward West, Ph.D., was a Bell Laboratories Fellow at Lucent Technologies where he specialized in electro, physical and architectural acoustics. He retired in 2001 after dedicated more than 40 years to the company. He then took a position as a research professor with Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering.   Born in Prince Edward County, Virginia on February 10, 1931, West attended Temple University and interned at Bell Labs during his summer breaks. Upon his graduation in 1957, he joined Bell Labs and began work in electroacoustics, physical acoustics, and architectural acoustics. In conjunction with Gerhard Sessler, West patented the electret microphone in 1964 while working at Bell Laboratories. West’s Research   Wests research in the early 1960s led to the development of the foil electret transducers for sound recording and voice communication that are used in 90 percent all microphones built today. These electrets are also at the heart of most telephones now being manufactured. The new microphone became widely used because of its high performance, accuracy, and reliability. It also cost little to produce, and it was small and light weight. The electret transducer began as the result of an accident, like many notable inventions. West was fooling around with a radio – he loved taking things apart and putting them back together as a child, or at least attempting to put them back together. In this instance, he became acquainted with electricity, something that would fascinate him for years.   West’s Microphone   James West joined forces with Sessler while he was at Bell. Their goal was to develop a compact, sensitive microphone that wouldn’t cost a fortune to produce. They completed development of their electret microphone in 1962 – it worked on the basis of the electret transducers they had developed – and they began production of the device in 1969. Their invention became the standard of the industry. The vast majority of microphones used today in everything from baby monitors and hearing aids to telephones, camcorders and tape recorders all use Bell’s technology. James West holds 47 U.S. patents and more than 200 foreign patents on microphones and techniques for making polymer ​foil electrets. He has authored more than 100 papers and has contributed to books on acoustics, solid-state physics, and material science. He has received numerous awards, including the Golden Torch Award in 1998 sponsored by the National Society of Black Engineers, and the Lewis Howard Latimer Light Switch and Socket Award in 1989. He was chosen New Jersey Inventor of the Year in 1995 and was inducted into the Inventors Hall of Fame in 1999. He was appointed president of the Acoustical Society of American in 1997 and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Both James  West and Gerhard Sessler were inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1999.

MANAGEMENT & ORGANIS BEHAVIOUR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MANAGEMENT & ORGANIS BEHAVIOUR - Essay Example a) Structure: The Company is faced with an issue of conflict management and there is a lack of good team work. Alpha has several excellent leaders like Mr. Ian Davidson. Captain Chubb, Mr. Ang, however due to the behavior of Mr. Ang and his hasty decisions the company has been faced with a very poor performance. The company also lacks a clear organizational structure and there is a confused organizational structure that is being followed within the company. This causes the performance to be reduced to a great extent and leads the overall team work to be overlooked. b) Leadership: Although Alpha has a strong set of leaders and a great management team all together the company still does not perform well. This is simply due to lack of qualities to lead the team as well as the time management issue by most leaders. The company also lacks a strong leader who can perform as per the needs of the company and in line with the needs of the employees as well. c) Strategies, Culture and Motivation: Alpha utilizes a very centralized approach of management within the organization currently. This also causes high levels of stress and leads to lowered motivation among the employees. The main cause of the stress that is being present in the company is due to the lack of a strong company structure. Also the lack of strong and well structured leadership leads to high levels of politics and confusions among the employees. There is also a clear cognitive dissonance among the leaders of the teams which in turn leads to the employees not being sure of the work they need to do and also causing a very stressful and uncooperative behavior among all the members of the teams. d) Rewards System and Job Satisfaction: The level of job satisfaction is relatively low and the reward systems that are in place at the current time require a great deal of change and improvements. The employees need to have a better reward system to help improve the motivation and also to focus on a